Advances in Applied Science Research http://pelagiaresearchlibrary.com/asian-journal-of-plant-science/vol1-iss4.html Neem oil was obtained from the seeds of the neem tree, Azadirachta indica, exploiting a manually operating bridge press, and used to prepare toilet soap. The chemical properties of the soap were 63.75 %, 0.24 %, 0.06, 1.15 %, 12.6 % and 10.4 as its total fatty matter, total alkali, free caustic alkali, percentage chloride (% Cl-), % moisture and pH respectively. Due to the phytoconstituents in neem oil and the favourable chemical characteristics of the soap, it can be used as medical and cosmetics toilet soap. Such neem soap may act to protect the skin. http://pelagiaresearchlibrary.com/asian-journal-of-plant-science/vol1-iss4/AJPSR-2011-1-4-1-7.pdf The treatment of intact cells of Spirullina platensis with low temperature (10-25°C) for 45 min caused inhibition in PS II catalysed electron transport activity .The light intensity measurements clearly gave an indication that light harvesting complex (Phycobilisomes) are targets for the cold stress. Low temperature effects the pigment-protein interaction and finally altered the energy transfer from phycocyanin to Chl a in the intact cells of Spirullina platensis which is evident from the both absorption and fluorescence emission measurements. http://pelagiaresearchlibrary.com/asian-journal-of-plant-science/vol1-iss4/AJPSR-2011-1-4-8-12.pdf In this study,the bioactive compounds of Tribulus terrestris have been evaluated using GC-MS. The chemical compositions of the whole plant methanol extract of Tribulus terrestris were investigated using Perkin-Elmer Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectroscopy. GC-MS analysis of Tribulus terrestris whole plant methanol extract revealed the existence of the major compound α –Amyrin(65.73). http://pelagiaresearchlibrary.com/asian-journal-of-plant-science/vol1-iss4/AJPSR-2011-1-4-13-16.pdf The ethno medicinal plant occupies a key position among the plant wealth as they form main ingredients of drugs formulation among the tribal population. The experienced local practitioners have developed their own way of treatment by acquiring the knowledge from their predecessors. In the present paper, the herbal medicinal plants have been studied in details for their morphotaxonomic features along with their ethno medicinal plants can be included in the traditional system of medicine and can also form a part of alternative bioresources for pharmaceutical industries. http://pelagiaresearchlibrary.com/asian-journal-of-plant-science/vol1-iss4/AJPSR-2011-1-4-17-24.pdf The present study of phytochemical analysis in the bark powder extract with absolute alcohol, the phytochemical compound screened by GC-MS method. In this GC-MS analysis, 28 bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in stem bark of Alseodaphne semecarpifolia.The 28 compounds predominantly phenolic derivatives are present included Hydrocarbons, Carbohydrates, Fatty Acid, Fatty Acid ester, Alcoholic compounds, Alkaloids, Ketones and Alkenes compounds. These different active phytochemicals have been found to possess a wide range of activities, which may help in the protection against incurable diseases. http://pelagiaresearchlibrary.com/asian-journal-of-plant-science/vol1-iss4/AJPSR-2011-1-4-25-32.pdf Research into the insecticidal effects of azadirachtin, a limonoid from the Neem tree (Azadirachta indica) has been ongoing for some 30 years. Its strong antifeedant, insect growth regulatory and reproductive effects are now well understood and documented. Antiffedancy varies markedly between species with mosquitoes being particularly sensitive to azadirachtin. The mode of action of azadirachtin lies in (i) effects on deterrent and other chemoreceptors resulting in antifeedancy and (ii) direct effects on most other tissues studied resulting in an overall loss of fitness of the insect. The complexity of the molecular structure of azadirachtin has precluded its synthesis for pesticide use although novel synthesis of the parent molecule is now almost complete and research into simpler mimetic substances is ongoing. Applied research has concentrated on a variety of natural formulations from neem seed kernels which contain azadirachtin together with several structurally related molecules. This study brings the reader up to date with both pure and applied research in the field, and provides a detailed overview of present thinking into the mode of action of azadirachtin. Wherever possible comparative approaches have been made between species of the effects of pure azadirachtin and areas for future research are indicated. http://pelagiaresearchlibrary.com/asian-journal-of-plant-science/vol1-iss4/AJPSR-2011-1-4-33-38.pdf The investigation was carried out to determine the qualitative analysis of phytochemical screening and possible chemical components Ocimum sanctum L. leaves GC-MS. GC-MS analysis of hydroalcoholic extract lead to identification of 10 compounds. This analysis revealed that contains Ocimum sanctum L. leaves mainly Eugenol, Caryophyllene. http://pelagiaresearchlibrary.com/asian-journal-of-plant-science/vol1-iss4/AJPSR-2011-1-4-39-43.pdf The investigation was carried out to determine the qualitative analysis of phytochemical screening and possible chemical components Ocimum sanctum L. leaves GC-MS. GC-MS analysis of hydroalcoholic extract lead to identification of 10 compounds. This analysis revealed that contains Ocimum sanctum L. leaves mainly Eugenol, Caryophyllene. http://pelagiaresearchlibrary.com/asian-journal-of-plant-science/vol1-iss4/AJPSR-2011-1-4-44-48.pdf The cuttlefish ink extracts was good antibacterial activities. Sepia pharaonis was assayed against selected human pathogens using agar well diffusion technique. Crude ink extract in hexane and column purified ink extract in diethyl ether shows maximum inhibitory effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae. The minimum inhibitory concentration was found to be lower in Escherichia coli and lesser degree of inhibition was observed in the column purified fractions when compared to crude ink extract. http://pelagiaresearchlibrary.com/asian-journal-of-plant-science/vol1-iss4/AJPSR-2011-1-4-49-55.pdf In this study, the bioactive compounds of Enicostemma littorale have been evaluated using GCMS. The chemical compositions of the whole plant methanol extract of Enicostemma littorale were investigated using Perkin-Elmer Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The mass spectra of the compounds, found in the extract was matched with characterization and measurement of the central Electrochemical Research institute. GC-MS analysis of E.littorale whole plant methanol extract revealed the existence of the ether compound-Laminaribiitol (79.93%), 12-hydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid (9.546%). Myricetin (4.7519%), 3.3-Methylenebis (4- hydroxycoumarin) (2.811%), catechin (2.002%). The results of this study offer a base of using E.littorale as herbal alternative for the synthesis of antifungal agents. http://pelagiaresearchlibrary.com/asian-journal-of-plant-science/vol1-iss4/AJPSR-2011-1-4-56-60.pdf The present investigation was an attempt to evaluate the effect of aflatoxin induced toxicity in liver and kidney of albino rats. Aflatoxin was obtained by growing Aspergillus flavus in PDA liquid medium. Young adult albino rat were administered aflatoxin through intraperitoneal route by different concentrations viz., 20 ppm, 40 ppm, 60 ppm, 80 ppm and 100 ppm for 8 days. On 9th day the animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Liver and kidney were removed and Homogenates were prepared for measuring lipid peroxidation, lactate dehydrogenase, superoxide dimutase, catalase, Glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione stransferase, alkaline phosphatase, glucose 6-phosphatase, Fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate, vitamin C, vitamin E, sodium, potassium and uric acid. The results revealed concentration dependent increase in lipid peroxidation and alkaline phosphatase along with reduction in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Hence they have shown that concurrent infection during aflatoxin exposure increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. http://pelagiaresearchlibrary.com/asian-journal-of-plant-science/vol1-iss4/AJPSR-2011-1-4-61-69.pdf Kingiodendron pinnatum, a vulnerable species in Western Ghats of Karnataka, is used in gonorrhoea, catarrhal conditions of genito-urinary and respiratory tracts. In the present study crude leaves extract of this plant have been screened and tested for antioxidant, lipoprotein lipase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities. The bioassay results have shown the potential biochemical activity of the leaf extract. http://pelagiaresearchlibrary.com/asian-journal-of-plant-science/vol1-iss4/AJPSR-2011-1-4-70-75.pdf To make a comparison of the potential of spent mycelium substrate (SMS) of Pleurotus florida as a soil conditioner compared to conventional biofertilizers in growth of Capsicum annuum, treatments used were SMS singly and with Azotobacter spp. and Glomus intraradices, to understand their interaction. Paddy straw, tea and sawdust were used as substrates in P.florida cultivation. Potted-plant experiments were conducted in triplicate, used randomized block design and standard garden soil was supplemented with 1% SMS, Azotobacter spp. and G.intraradices. Plants that used G.intraradices(T4) as biofertilizer exhibited maximum height(28.13cm), flowers(8nos.), chlorophyll(31.34mg g-1), shoot biomass(19.65gm) and uptake of leaf and fruit nitrogen (5.11 and 4.13%); plants grown on SMS+Azotobacter spp.(T3) showed maximum auxiliary buds(11nos.), soil porosity(85%), root biomass(2.54gm) and uptake of leaf and fruit potassium (2.63%); SMS (T2) used singly gave maximum soil phosphorus(0.1%), SMS+G.intraradices(T6) used together gave maximum soil nitrogen(0.32%) and a combination of SMS+Azotobacter spp.+G.intraradices(T5) exhibited highest soil carbon(1.7%) and uptake of leaf and fruit phosphorus (0.33%). Azotobacter spp.(T1) used singly gave highest fruit biomass (4.9 gm). Carbon was the main factor influencing production of leaves, leaf pigments and flowers; indicated by positive correlation (0.48, 0.64, 0.65 and 0.78) between carbon and the above factors. Nitrogen had negative correlation with height (-0.76). SMS used singly resulted in increased soil phosphorus; used with Azotobacter spp. and G.intraradices, it enhanced leaves, auxiliary buds, flowers, root biomass, soil porosity, soil carbon and nitrogen. Hence, it is more beneficial when used as a supplement to conventional fertilizers compared to being used singly. http://pelagiaresearchlibrary.com/asian-journal-of-plant-science/vol1-iss4/AJPSR-2011-1-4-76-86.pdf The escalating pervasiveness of anthelmintic resistant strains of helminths, drug residues in animal products and high cost of conventional anthelmintics has created an interest in studying medicinal plants as an alternative source of anthelmintics. The plant “Jussiaea hyssopifolia” have great medicinal value and reported as astringent, carminative, laxative and diuretic properties. The methanolic extract of entire plant Jussiaea hyssopifolia were screened for anthelmintic activity on Pheretima posthuma (earth worm) in comparison to reference standard Albendazole. A significant anthelmintic effects were observed on live adult Pheretima posthuma worms in terms of the paralysis and death of the worms at different concentrations. http://pelagiaresearchlibrary.com/asian-journal-of-plant-science/vol1-iss4/AJPSR-2011-1-4-87-91.pdf